Perso-Arabic Urdu script is derived from a Persian modification of Arabic
script and it has been modified to fulfill the requirements of Indo-Aryan phonemes.
Among the consonants Urdu has duplicate and triplicate letters standing for the same
sound. According to left hand critics, reading of Urdu script is quite difficult,
confusing and challenging due to these same letters. Urdu language is also rich in
Arabic, Persian and Turkish vocabulary.
Ottoman Turkish was an invented language of Ottoman Elite, having many
words of Arabic and Persian and written in a modified Arabic script. Ottoman Empire
and Royal Language are considered symbols of Muslim culture and civilization.
Ataturk changed most of Ottomans cultural norms including language. On his order
Ottoman Turkish script was replaced by Latin based script in 1929. The difference
between Pre- and Post-reform Turkish was not only of script but also of vocabulary.