Linguistics is the scientific study of language. All languages have under lying structure rules that makes meaning ful communication possible these rules findout the components of the structure of a language.Phonemes is in the five main componenets of language the smallest unit of sound that may causeto change the meaning of withina language but it is to mention that phenemes have no meanings in itself.Phonology aaas a branch of linguistics concerned with a systtematic orgnization of sounds that is traditionally focused largely on the study of systems of phonemes in a particular language. The studywill discuss phonemes, its patterns/rules for its identification .poetic examples will (mostly) use to clarify phonemes and its role in formation of a language a its smallest unit of speech distinguishing one word from another. Study is mostly based on selected webcites' research .