بانگِ درا اورقبال کی شاعری کےا دوار

Abstract

This study examines the poetic evolution of Allama Muhammad Iqbal, with a focus on his renowned collection Bang-e-Dra (Call of the Caravan Bell). It explores the phases of Iqbal's literary journey, analyzing his thematic and stylistic transformations as identified by critics, particularly Sir Abdul Qadir. Iqbal's poetry is divided into distinct phases, beginning with an early period characterized by romanticism, patriotism, and a deep connection to nature and homeland. His stay in Europe marked a transitional phase, reflecting philosophical inquiries into beauty, love, and the East-West cultural differences. This period also introduced influences from Goethe and the study of Western thought, enriching Iqbal's poetic vision.The third phase, post-Europe, demonstrates Iqbal's shift towards Islamic universalism and spiritual revival, emphasizing concepts like selfhood (khudi), love (ishq), and the unity of the Muslim Ummah. His work during this period, including iconic poems such as Shikwa and Jawab-e-Shikwa, blends philosophical depth with a call for action and revival among Muslims. Bang-e-Dra serves as a critical turning point, encapsulating Iqbal’s transition from nationalistic themes to a broader spiritual and cultural ethos.This research highlights Iqbal's innovative integration of romanticism and classicism, culminating in his later collections like Bal-e-Jibril and Zarb-e-Kaleem. This article reflects his mature philosophical outlook, presenting a harmonious balance between intellectual rigor and artistic expression. Iqbal’s poetry continues to inspire with its timeless exploration of identity, cultural consciousness, and the quest for a higher purpose.