بانگ درا: اقبال کے سوالات اور فارسی اشعار سے جوابات

Abstract

Iqbal had established himself as a Persian poet and had published three books in Persian. He made a turn to Urdu language and brought his book Bang e Dera. That was not all of a sudden. He has already compiled his poems and published in different journals and recited at different occasions. He had set higher standards for his poetry and he had become famous for his earler Persian poetry, which was being translated in England. Bang e Dera had an evolutionary value, as it was arranged in three chronological divisions; before, during and after his stay in England and Germany. One may see a gradual change in his poetic skills, maturity of language and maturity of thoughts. Iqbal has diverted from translations and poetry of nature and features towards philosophy, morality, character building and synthesis of his political views. The language was heavily Persianized and raised questions, for which he provided answers from the verses of his predecessor Persian poets. With the passage of time, he was studying Persian poetry in depth and was inclined to the poets who have dealt with metaphysics and humainities. His inquisitive mind sought solution of dilemmas and he found many answers in the classical Persian poetry. They included Saadi, Hafiz, Faizi, Neziri, Urfi, Abu Talib Kalim and Anisi Shamlu. Iqbal was in touch with Akbar Alahabadi and in the end of the book, he shares his sense of humour with Akbar. He was more interested in continuous poem; some of them being chains of ghalgs. The book dealt with a variety of subjects. It has inquisitiveness, dialogues and monologues. The topics were similar to those of Peyam e Mashreq, which was compiled during the same days. The objects and forces of nature speak and the nature is depicted in the best possible way. Bang e Dera also introduced the poetry written in English in Urdu translation. It was at times verse by verse, sometimes with more informal way and skipped some verses. His songs for Indian nation and Muslim universal nationhood, raised many voices. Iqbals was moving forwards and every coming day  led his poetic perfection